Crescimento micelial in vitro de treze isolados de Corynespora cassiicola submetidos a diferentes temperaturas.

Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. & Curt.), fungo que causa a doença conhecida como mancha-alvo na cultura da soja ocorre em todo o Brasil. Considerando que os isolados de C. cassiicola apresentam variações nas características morfológicas, comportando-se de maneira distinta quanto ao crescimento micelial, o estudo do desenvolvimento deste fungo faz-se necessário para facilitar a multiplicação de inóculo em laboratório. Por este motivo, o objetivo foi avaliar o crescimento micelial in vitro de 13 isolados de C. cassiicola submetidos a diferentes temperaturas. Isolados da micoteca da Embrapa soja (307, 310, 311, 312, 313, 317, 318, 322, 605, 629, 646, 649 e 651) foram repicados em placas de Petri contendo BDA e incubados nas temperaturas de 18, 21, 24, 27 e 30 ± 2ºC, sendo a avaliação do crescimento micelial realizada por medições diárias do diâmetro das colônias. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 13 x 5 (isolados x temperaturas) totalizando 65 tratamentos com cinco repetições. Com os dados obtidos calculou-se o índice de velocidade de crescimento micelial (IVCM) que foram submetidos à análise de variância, sendo as médias comparadas por meio do teste de Scott-Knott, ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Verificou-se diferença estatística entre o crescimento micelial dos isolados, entre as temperaturas e também na interação isolado x temperatura. A maioria dos isolados apresentou maior IVCM quando incubados em temperaturas superiores a 24ºC, com exceção do isolado 307 que atingiu maior IVCM em temperaturas inferiores a 24ºC. Destaque foi dado ao isolado 307 que obteve o menor IVCM médio, enquanto que os isolados 318 e 646 apresentaram maior IVCM médio (p<0,05). Assim, concluiu-se que houve variabilidade entre os isolados de C. cassiicola para o IVCM em relação à temperatura, devendo ser observado a faixa ótima de crescimento para cada isolado

Embrapa Pantanal expande a área de produção de mudas.

bitstream/item/79993/1/ADM136.pdfFormato eletronico. Disponível também em: AgoraMS, Grupo Cultivar, MS noticias, BBC News, Naviraí Noticias, Juridicobrasil.com.br, Portal do Agronegócio, Zoonews, ABCSEM, Pimentas on-line

Organic and mineral matter changes due to oil generation, saturation and expulsion processes based on artificial maturation experiments

Hydrous pyrolysis experiments were conducted on immature organic-rich rock with type-I kerogen to evaluate petroleum generation, saturation and expulsion processes. The experiments were carried out under isothermal conditions at ten different temperatures (280° through 360°C) for nine different time spans between 18 and 144h. Rock samples recovered from the experiments were analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC-weight%), Rock-Eval pyrolysis, vitrinite reflectance (Ro%), spectral fluorescence and visual characterization of organic matter under the microscopy. TOC, S2 and HI tend to decrease with increasing temperature and duration of the experiments as expected. The Ro% values reach up to 1.14% in the most severe experiment (i.e. 360°C/96h). The Ro% is believed to be suppressed due to hydrogen incorporation from bitumen. The bitumen production was observed with the increase of transformation index (TI) and two types of bitumen were differentiated by fluorescence color. The bitumen with yellow fluorescence was mainly composed of saturate and aromatic hydrocarbons that were probably generated earlier than the bitumen with brown fluorescence which is rich in NSO compounds. The greatest bitumen saturation occurs at TI around of 41% to 45%, when the S1 reaches its highest values. The decrease of bitumen saturation and consequent oil expulsion is marked by a reduction in S1 values and fluorescence color. This phenomenon occurs simultaneously with the development of fractures and voids in the mineral matrix which reduces the oil retention capability and facilitates the expulsion process. These observations enhanced the understanding of oil generation and saturation processes, as well as primary migration, expulsion and type of generated bitumen

Organic and mineral matter changes due to oil generation, saturation and expulsion processes based on artificial maturation experiments

Hydrous pyrolysis experiments were conducted on immature organic-rich rock with type-I kerogen to evaluate petroleum generation, saturation and expulsion processes. The experiments were carried out under isothermal conditions at ten different temperatures (280° through 360°C) for nine different time spans between 18 and 144h. Rock samples recovered from the experiments were analyzed for total organic carbon (TOC-weight%), Rock-Eval pyrolysis, vitrinite reflectance (Ro%), spectral fluorescence and visual characterization of organic matter under the microscopy. TOC, S2 and HI tend to decrease with increasing temperature and duration of the experiments as expected. The Ro% values reach up to 1.14% in the most severe experiment (i.e. 360°C/96h). The Ro% is believed to be suppressed due to hydrogen incorporation from bitumen. The bitumen production was observed with the increase of transformation index (TI) and two types of bitumen were differentiated by fluorescence color. The bitumen with yellow fluorescence was mainly composed of saturate and aromatic hydrocarbons that were probably generated earlier than the bitumen with brown fluorescence which is rich in NSO compounds. The greatest bitumen saturation occurs at TI around of 41% to 45%, when the S1 reaches its highest values. The decrease of bitumen saturation and consequent oil expulsion is marked by a reduction in S1 values and fluorescence color. This phenomenon occurs simultaneously with the development of fractures and voids in the mineral matrix which reduces the oil retention capability and facilitates the expulsion process. These observations enhanced the understanding of oil generation and saturation processes, as well as primary migration, expulsion and type of generated bitumen

Unidades demonstrativas de plantas medicinais, aromáticas e condimentares da Embrapa Pantanal, em Corumbá, MS.

A implantação de Unidades Demonstrativas de plantas medicinais, aromáticas e condimentares da Embrapa Pantanal, em parceria com a Associação de Pais e Mestres dos Excepcionais (APAE) e com a Empresa Brasileira de Infra-estrutura Aeroportuária (Infraero), em Corumbá, é uma das ações do projeto “Plantas condimentares: uma opção para agregação de valor e renda à agricultura familiar”, desenvolvido pelo Escritório de Negócios de Campinas, em parceria com centros de pesquisa da empresa, além de universidades, produtores e empresas privadas de várias regiões do país. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar locais e genótipos de qualidade e adequados à produção de plantas medicinais, condimentares e aromáticas, além de aprimorar a qualificação de técnicos e a implantação de unidades de observação, demonstração, produção e processamento destas plantas, criando novas alternativas de renda para pequenos e médios agricultores.Disponível também em: Cadernos de Agroecologia, V. 5, n.1, 2010

TRPM7 is essential for Mg2+ homeostasis in mammals

Mg2+ is the second-most abundant cation in animal cells and is an essential cofactor in numerous enzymatic reactions. The molecular mechanisms controlling Mg2+ balance in the organism are not well understood. In this study, we report identification of TRPM7, a bifunctional protein containing a protein kinase fused to an ion channel, as a key regulator of whole body Mg2+ homeostasis in mammals. We generated TRPM7-deficient mice with the deletion of the kinase domain. Homozygous TRPM7Δkinase mice demonstrated early embryonic lethality, whereas heterozygous mice were viable, but developed signs of hypomagnesaemia and revealed a defect in intestinal Mg2+ absorption. Cells derived from heterozygous TRPM7Δkinase mice demonstrated reduced TRPM7 currents that had increased sensitivity to the inhibition by Mg2+. Embryonic stem cells lacking TRPM7 kinase domain displayed a proliferation arrest phenotype that can be rescued by Mg2+ supplementation. Our results demonstrate that TRPM7 is essential for the control of cellular and whole body Mg2+ homeostasis

On-farm conservation of cassava in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso state, Brazil: ethnobotanical aspects and genetic diversity.

Abstract: Family farmers are important in the on-farm conservation of cassava, since they maintain distinct ethnovarieties in their plantations. This research aimed to analyze ethnobotanical aspects and the genetic diversity of cassava ethnovarieties maintained by farmers in the Baixada Cuiabana, Mato Grosso state, Brazil, in the Rio dos Couros community. A semi structured questionnaire was applied for the ethnobotanical characterization of the cassava ethnovarieties. Subsequently, young leaves of the cassava plants were collected for DNA extraction. The ethnobotanical survey identified 29 cassava ethnovarieties, with the most cultivated ones being Pão, Amarelona and Cacau. The farmers characterize the cassavas with the following characteristics: palatability, pulp color, origin and similarities with animals and vegetables. Genetic relationships were observed among the ethnovarieties and five groups were identified, with formation of subgroups. In these groupings, it is possible to highlight the isolation of the Matrinxã, Paraguainha and Broto Roxo ethnovarieties as the most genetically divergent ones. | Resumo: Agricultores familiares são importantes na conservação on farm de mandioca, visto que mantêm em suas plantações distintas etnovariedades. Objetivou-se analisar aspectos etnobotânicos e a diversidade genética de etnovariedades de mandioca mantidas por agricultores da Baixada Cuiabana, Mato Grosso, na comunidade Rio dos Couros. Um questionário semiestruturado foi aplicado para a caracterização etnobotânica das etnovariedades de mandioca. Posteriormente, folhas jovens das mandiocas foram coletadas para extração de DNA. O levantamento etnobotânico identificou 29 etnovariedades, sendo as mais cultivadas a Pão, Amarelona e Cacau. Os agricultores caracterizam as mandiocas com os seguintes caracteres: palatabilidade, cor da polpa, origem e semelhanças com animais e vegetais. Observaram-se relações genéticas entre as etnovariedades e cinco grupos foram identificados, com formação de subgrupos. Nesses agrupamentos, foi possível destacar o isolamento das etnovariedades Matrinxã, Paraguainha e Broto Roxo como as mais divergentes geneticamente

Association of Childhood Physical and Sexual Abuse with Intimate Partner Violence, Poor General Health and Depressive Symptoms among Pregnant Women

This research was supported by an award from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Eunice Kennedy Shriver Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01-HD- 059835). The NIH had no further role in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the paper for publication. The authors wish to thank the dedicated staff members of Asociacion Civil Proyectos en Salud (PROESA), Peru and Instituto Materno Perinatal, Peru for their expert technical assistance with this research.Objective We examined associations of childhood physical and sexual abuse with risk of intimate partner violence (IPV). We also evaluated the extent to which childhood abuse was associated with self-reported general health status and symptoms of antepartum depression in a cohort of pregnant Peruvian women. Methods In-person interviews were conducted to collect information regarding history of childhood abuse and IPV from 1,521 women during early pregnancy. Antepartum depressive symptomatology was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Multivariable logistic regression procedures were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results Any childhood abuse was associated with 2.2-fold increased odds of lifetime IPV (95%CI: 1.72–2.83). Compared with women who reported no childhood abuse, those who reported both, childhood physical and sexual abuse had a 7.14-fold lifetime risk of physical and sexual IPV (95%CI: 4.15–12.26). The odds of experiencing physical and sexual abuse by an intimate partner in the past year was 3.33-fold higher among women with a history of childhood physical and sexual abuse as compared to women who were not abused as children (95%CI 1.60–6.89). Childhood abuse was associated with higher odds of self-reported poor health status during early pregnancy (aOR = 1.32, 95%CI: 1.04–1.68) and with symptoms of antepartum depression (aOR = 2.07, 95%CI: 1.58–2.71). Conclusion These data indicate that childhood sexual and physical abuse is associated with IPV, poor general health and depressive symptoms in early pregnancy. The high prevalence of childhood trauma and its enduring effects of on women’s health warrant concerted global health efforts in preventing violence.: This research was supported by an award from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Eunice Kennedy Shriver Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01-HD-059835). The NIH had no further role in study design; in the collection,Revisión por pare

Determinação da infestação de Apis mellifera por Varroa destructor em Ladário, MS, no período de 24 meses.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a infestação do ectoparasita Varroa destructor em abelhas africanizadas adultas (preferencialmente operárias e zangões) e crias operculadas (pré-pupas e pupas) para averiguar como esse índice variou durante dois anos em uma região que apresenta clima tropical

Determinação da infestação de pré-pupas, pupas e abelhas adultas de Apis mellifera por Varroa destructorem Ladário, MS -primeiro ano.

Considerando-se a importância ecológica das abelhas Apis mellifera e os prejuízos que a apicultura sofreu nos últimos anos pelo parasitismo do ácaro Varroa destructor, o presente estudo objetivou determinar a infestação desse ectoparasita em abelhas africanizadas adultas (preferencialmente operárias e zangões) e crias operculadas (pré-pupas e pupas) para averiguar como esses índices variam durante o ano em uma região que apresenta clima Awa, segundo a classificação de Köppen